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History Optional PYQs Topic-wise (1995–2026) – UPSC Mains

History Optional PYQs Topic-wise for UPSC Mains (1995–2026) are listed below unit by unit, in the order of the official syllabus. Click any topic to open all its previous year questions.

Want full papers instead? Open the History Optional year-wise question papers (1995–2026) for Paper 1 and Paper 2.

Paper 1, Section A – Ancient India

UnitTopic (click to open PYQs)Link
1Sources of Ancient Indian HistoryClick here →
2Pre-history and Proto-historyClick here →
3Indus Valley CivilizationClick here →
4Megalithic CulturesClick here →
5Aryans and Vedic PeriodClick here →
6Period of MahajanapadasClick here →
7Mauryan EmpireClick here →
8Post-Mauryan PeriodClick here →
9Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South IndiaClick here →
10Guptas, Vakatakas and VardhanasClick here →
11Regional States during Gupta EraClick here →
12Themes in Early Indian Cultural HistoryClick here →
Ancient India History Optional PYQs unit-wise weightage graph 2013-2026
Unit-wise weightage of Ancient India (Paper 1, Section A) in History Optional – share of marks, 2013–2026 vs 2022–2026 (map question included).

Paper 1, Section B – Medieval India

UnitTopic (click to open PYQs)Link
13Early Medieval India (750-1200)Click here →
14Cultural Traditions in India (750-1200)Click here →
15The Thirteenth CenturyClick here →
16The Fourteenth CenturyClick here →
17Society, Culture and Economy in the 13th and 14th CenturiesClick here →
18Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century: Political Developments and EconomyClick here →
19Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century: Society and CultureClick here →
20AkbarClick here →
21Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth CenturyClick here →
22Economy and Society in the 16th and 17th CenturiesClick here →
23Culture during Mughal EmpireClick here →
24The Eighteenth CenturyClick here →
Medieval India History Optional PYQs unit-wise weightage graph 2013-2026
Unit-wise weightage of Medieval India (Paper 1, Section B) in History Optional – share of marks, 2013–2026 vs 2022–2026.
Cover of UPSC Prelims Topic-wise PYQs eBook with detailed explanations

From the Optional Province team

Preparing for Prelims too?

Our UPSC Prelims Topic-wise PYQ eBook covers every Prelims question with detailed explanations, so you can see exactly where UPSC asks from.

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Paper 2, Section A – Modern India

UnitTopic (click to open PYQs)Link
1European Penetration into IndiaClick here →
2British Expansion in IndiaClick here →
3Early Structure of the British RajClick here →
4Economic Impact of British Colonial RuleClick here →
5Social and Cultural DevelopmentsClick here →
6Social and Religious Reform MovementsClick here →
7Indian Response to British RuleClick here →
8Birth of Indian Nationalism and the Early CongressClick here →
9Gandhian Phase of the National MovementClick here →
10Constitutional DevelopmentsClick here →
11Other Strands in the National MovementClick here →
12Politics of Separatism and PartitionClick here →
13Consolidation as a NationClick here →
14Caste and Ethnicity after 1947Click here →
15Economic Development and Political ChangeClick here →
Modern India History Optional PYQs unit-wise weightage graph 2013-2026
Unit-wise weightage of Modern India (Paper 2, Section A) in History Optional – share of marks, 2013–2026 vs 2022–2026.

Paper 2, Section B – World History

UnitTopic (click to open PYQs)Link
16Enlightenment and Modern IdeasClick here →
17Origins of Modern PoliticsClick here →
18IndustrializationClick here →
19Nation-State SystemClick here →
20Imperialism and ColonialismClick here →
21Revolution and Counter-RevolutionClick here →
22World WarsClick here →
23The World after World War IIClick here →
24Liberation from Colonial RuleClick here →
25Decolonization and UnderdevelopmentClick here →
26Unification of EuropeClick here →
27Disintegration of Soviet Union and Rise of the Unipolar WorldClick here →
World History History Optional PYQs unit-wise weightage graph 2013-2026
Unit-wise weightage of World History (Paper 2, Section B) in History Optional – share of marks, 2013–2026 vs 2022–2026.

Map question and earlier-syllabus questions

UnitTopic (click to open PYQs)Link
MapMap Questions Year-wise (1995–2026)Click here →
MapMap Places Index A–ZClick here →
OtherEarlier-Syllabus QuestionsClick here →

How this collection is organised

  • Every question from 1995 to 2026 is placed under its unit and, where a unit has many questions, under the topics of that unit.
  • Inside each topic, questions run from the latest year to the oldest, so recent trends are visible first.
  • A question that spans two topics is listed under each of them.
  • Each question ends with a code such as [2024/10m/150w/5e] – year, marks, word limit (when UPSC set one) and question number.
  • Marks for 1995–2008 follow the standard pattern of those papers (60 marks per question, 20 per short note, 4 per map place), since they were not printed against each question.
  • Weightage graphs show each unit’s share of marks for 2013–2026 and for 2022–2026; a question under two topics has its marks split equally.
  • Questions from topics no longer in the syllabus (Renaissance, Reformation, New Deal and similar) are kept on a separate earlier-syllabus page.

Insights and totals

Together the 51 unit pages and the earlier-syllabus page hold 1569 question entries (1558 across the units and 11 from the earlier syllabus). The compulsory map question has two pages of its own: 32 year-wise questions with 700 places or hints, and an A–Z index of 349 places.

Ancient India has 306 question entries across 12 units. By share of marks, Regional States during Gupta Era leads over 2013–2026 (10%) and also in 2022–2026 (15%). The map question alone carries about 27% of Section A marks.

Medieval India has 433 question entries across 12 units. By share of marks, Society, Culture and Economy in the 13th and 14th Centuries leads over 2013–2026 (14%) and The Eighteenth Century in 2022–2026 (15%).

Modern India has 427 question entries across 15 units. By share of marks, Gandhian Phase of the National Movement leads over 2013–2026 (12%) and Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule in 2022–2026 (15%).

World History has 392 question entries across 12 units. By share of marks, Origins of Modern Politics leads over 2013–2026 (17%) and also in 2022–2026 (17%).

Collection at a glance

Topic-wise question entries (1995–2026)1569
Units covered51 (Paper 1: 24, Paper 2: 27)
Earlier-syllabus questions11
Map questions32 years, 700 places / hints
Ancient India (Paper 1, Section A)306
Medieval India (Paper 1, Section B)433
Modern India (Paper 2, Section A)427
World History (Paper 2, Section B)392

Frequently Asked Questions

How many History Optional PYQs are there from 1995 to 2026?

The topic-wise collection lists 1569 question entries (1558 across the 51 units and 11 from the earlier syllabus), plus 32 map questions with 700 places or hints. A question that spans two topics is listed under each.

Which History Optional unit has the most questions?

Origins of Modern Politics has the most entries, with 68.

Are History Optional PYQs arranged by year as well?

Within every unit and topic the questions run from the latest year to the oldest, and the map question has a separate year-wise page.

Spotted an error? Tell us.

We classify every PYQ with care, but mistakes can slip in. If a question is in the wrong topic, has a typo, the wrong year, or is missing, let us know. We review every report and update the page.

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