Here are all 145 Obstetrics and Gynaecology Including Family Planning questions asked in UPSC Medical Science Optional Paper II from 1995 to 2026, arranged under the 5 topics of the official syllabus. Within each topic the latest questions come first.
Each question ends with a code such as [2024/15m/3b] – the year, the marks, the word limit (where UPSC set one) and the question number in the paper.
5.1] Pregnancy and antenatal care
24 questions
(i) Classify hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. (ii) Enumerate the types and complications of eclampsia. (iii) Discuss the management of antepartum eclampsia in a 25-year-old primigravida with 32 weeks of pregnancy. [2025/20m/6a]
Define Antenatal Care. What are its objectives? What is the schedule of antenatal clinic visits that a mother is expected to follow during the course of her pregnancy? What are the advantages and disadvantages of ‘domiciliary midwifery service’? [2024/15m/8b]
(i) How do you grade anaemia in pregnancy based on the haemoglobin levels as per the World Health Organization? (ii) List the complications of anaemia in pregnancy. (iii) Briefly outline the management of a pregnant woman with severe anaemia in labour. [2023/15m/8b]
Define ‘pre-eclampsia’. Enumerate the risk factors which may lead to this condition. What are its clinical signs and what are its alarming symptoms? Outline in brief its management. [2022/20m/6a]
(i) What is gestational hypertension? (ii) What is superimposed pre-eclampsia? (iii) What is the role of antihypertensives in pre-eclampsia? [2019/10m/5d]
(i) What is physiological anaemia of pregnancy? (ii) Do all pregnant women need additional iron? Explain in brief. (iii) What is the diagnostic test of iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy and why? (iv) How much total additional iron is required during pregnancy and what is its distribution in the mother’s body? [2019/20m/6a]
(i) How does the pattern of rise in human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) differ between a normal and abnormal pregnancy? (ii) How accurate are most home pregnancy tests? (iii) What are the most common causes of false positive and false negative pregnancy tests? [2018/15m/8b]
A 25-year-old married lady presents with history of 10 weeks amenorrhoea, acute lower abdominal pain and fainting. On clinical examination, she has tachycardia, hypotension and pelvic tenderness. (i) What is the most likely diagnosis? (ii) How would you investigate such a patient? (iii) How would you manage such a patient? List the key points. [2015/15m/8b]
What are the signs and symptoms of first trimester of pregnancy? How would you confirm the diagnosis of first trimester of pregnancy? [2014/10m/5c]
Describe the antenatal care in a primigravida from the early pregnancy till term. What investigations will be required during pregnancy? [2012/20m/7a]
Discuss the differential diagnosis in a 28-year-old woman with two months amenorrhea and acute lower abdominal pain followed by bleeding per vaginam. How would you manage such patient? [2012/20m/8c]
Describe the management of a lady with hyperemesis gravidarum. [2010/15m/5d]
Describe the management of pregnancy induced severe hypertension. [2010/20m/8c]
A lady comes with 2 months of amenorrhoea to the antenatal clinic. How would you diagnose pregnancy in her? Describe the regular antenatal care with its aims and advantages. [2009/20m/5c]
How would you manage a case of bleeding pervaginum with pain abdomen at 8 weeks of gestation? [2006/20m/7a]
Describe the causes of anaemia in pregnancy. How would you manage a case of Dimorphic anaemia in Pregnancy. [2006/20m/7b]
Write a short note on Methods of Diagnosis of Pregnancy. [2005/20m/5c]
How will you manage a case of severe preeclampsia in a primigravida at 34 weeks of pregnancy? [2004/40m/7a]
Discuss the management of Eclampsia in Primigravida at 37 weeks of gestations. [2002/60m/7]
Describe the diagnosis and management of pregnancy induced hypertension at 38 weeks of gestation. [2000/60m/7]
What are the main objectives of A.N.C. (Ante-natal Care)? Mention in detail about regular A.N.C? [1999/20m/7b]
What is the etiology of high risk pregnancy? How will you diagnose and manage a multigravida with I.U.G.R. at 30 weeks of amenorrhea? [1998/60m/6]
Describe the methods of antenatal foetal monitoring. [1997/20m/7c]
List the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. How will you manage a 25-year old woman with ruptured tubal pregnancy? [1996/60m/6]
5.2] Labour and its complications
34 questions
(i) Discuss the differences between ‘abruptio placentae’ and ‘placenta praevia’. (ii) Outline the management of a 30-year-old G3P2L2 woman at 36 weeks of gestation with bleeding per vaginum due to abruptio placentae along with absent foetal heart sounds. [2026/10m/5c]
(i) Describe the causes of occipito-posterior position and different modes of delivery in the occipito-posterior position. (ii) Define ‘Deep Transverse Arrest’ and enumerate the maternal and foetal complications associated with it. [2026/20m/6a]
(i) A 22-year-old Unbooked Primigravida at 38 weeks of gestation presents to Emergency with labour pains. How would you evaluate the patient for obstetric triaging and further management of labour? (ii) Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of Rupture Uterus following obstructed labour. [2024/20m/6a]
(i) Enumerate the causes for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). (ii) Discuss the management of PPH. [2023/20m/6a]
Outline the management of a 35 year old multigraveda patient who has presented to the emergency department in a state of shock. She has delivered a dead baby at home 2 hours back and the placenta has not delivered. She has a previous history of lower segment caesarean section. [2022/10m/5c]
(i) Write in brief the reasons for rising Caesarean Section rates globally and in India. (ii) Discuss briefly the advantages and disadvantages of Vaginal birth and Caesarean Section. (iii) What measures can be adopted to reduce Caesarean Section rates? (iv) How will you counsel a patient who had previous Caesarean Section for vaginal delivery? [2021/20m/6a]
(i) What are the advantages of vaginal births over caesarean section? (ii) What are the current caesarean section rates globally and in India? (iii) What, according to you, is the reason behind rising caesarean section rates? (iv) What are the implications of caesarean sections on future pregnancies? [2020/10m/5d]
A 30-year-old P₂L₁ woman presents to casualty with 7 month amenorrhoea and gives history of off and on bleeding per vaginum since 2 days. She has had one myomectomy three years back and has undergone one lower segment caesarean section one year back. (i) How will you evaluate her and what are your concerns? (ii) Outline the management protocol to optimize her outcome. [2020/15m/8b]
(i) What are the maternal risks in breech presentation? (ii) Does external cephalic version reduce the incidence of breech and caesarean delivery and perinatal mortality? (iii) Why is external cephalic version recommended at 37 weeks of gestation and not before? (iv) What is Loveset’s Manoeuvre? [2019/10m/5c]
Define Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH). What are the causes of PPH? How would you manage the case of PPH just after delivery? Discuss the preventive measures for control of PPH. [2017/20m/6a]
Enumerate the causes of unengaged head in a primi at 38 weeks of pregnancy. Describe different stages of labour. How will you diagnose each stage of labour? How will you manage a case of prolonged Ist stage of labour in a primigravida patient? [2016/20m/6a]
A primigravida patient reports in casualty at 34 weeks of pregnancy with h/o painless bout of bleeding P/Vaginum. What is your probable diagnosis? How would you manage the patient? What foetal and maternal complications are associated with this condition? [2016/15m/8b]
(i) What is trial of labour? (ii) How would you manage a trial of labour in a patient who has had a Caesarean Section previously? [2015/15m/7c]
What is abnormal lie? Enumerate the various causes of transverse lie in a multiparous woman. How will you manage the case of transverse lie at term with a live foetus? [2014/20m/6b]
Define antepartum haemorrhage. How would you manage a patient at 34 weeks of pregnancy who comes to casualty with a history of painless bout of bleeding? Mention the foetal and maternal complications associated with this condition. [2014/15m/8b]
How will you calculate the expected date of delivery? What are the methods recently used for induction of labour? What are the indications for termination of induction of labour? [2013/20m/6a]
Define accidental haemorrhage. How would you manage a woman at 34 weeks of pregnancy, who comes to casualty with history of painful bout of bleeding? Mention foetal and maternal complications associated with accidental haemorrhage. [2013/15m/8c]
Write down indications of Lower Segment Caesarean Section (L.S.C.S.). How will you suspect the impending scar rupture? What are the advantages of L.S.C.S. over Classical Caesarean Section? [2011/20m/8c]
Describe the prevention and management of post-partum haemorrhage. [2010/20m/8a]
What is normal labour? Describe the mechanism of labour in left occipito anterior position. [2009/20m/7b]
Write short note on Partographic management of labour. [2006/20m/5c]
Enumerate the causes of Postpartum Haemorrhage. How will you prevent it? Give management of a case of Postpartum Haemorrhage. [2005/40m/7a]
How would you manage a case of retained placenta? [2002/20m/5c]
Enumerate the complications of 3rd stage of labour. Write in detail the management of PPH (post partum haemorrhage). [2001/60m/7]
Causes and management of acute uterine inversion. [2000/12m/5f]
Diagnosis and management of Traumatic Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH.) [1999/20m/200w/1c]
Describe the etiology, clinical features and management of ruptured uterus. [1999/60m/6]
Discuss placenta previa in detail. [1999/20m/7c]
How will you manage the third stage of labour? [1998/20m/7b]
Enumerate the advantages of vacuum extractor over out-let forceps. [1998/20m/7c]
Discuss the indications and complications of outlet forcep application. [1997/20m/7a]
Manual removal of placenta. [1996/20m/1c]
What are the common causes of Breech Presentation? Write down the contradiction to external cephalic version. [1996/20m/7b]
A primigravida complains of vaginal bleeding at 34 weeks of pregnancy. What are the causes? How will you differentiate between placenta previa and revealed variety of Abruptio placenta? [1995/60m/6]
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5 questions
(i) Define Foetal Growth Restriction (FGR). (ii) List the common causes of FGR. (iii) Outline the strategy for managing a severely growth restricted pregnancy diagnosed at 26 weeks of gestation. This female has no living issues and has a past history of undergoing Caesarean Section at 32 weeks of pregnancy. [2021/10m/5c]
(i) What is the significance of birth weight for an infant? (ii) Under the international standards, what is the definition of low birth weight? (iii) From the perspective of causation, how are low birth weight babies broadly grouped? [2020/10m/5e]
(i) What do you understand by the term “Antenatal Pediatrics”? What are the various measures that can be undertaken to accomplish its primary objectives? (ii) Define “Low Birth Weight” (LBW). Enumerate the public health measures that can help to reduce the burden of LBW babies in the community. [2019/15m/6c]
Write notes on issues you would raise in counselling a woman about to be delivered at 28 weeks gestation after placental abruption. [2018/20m/6a]
“Globally, about a quarter of all neonatal deaths are caused by birth asphyxia.” What are the guidelines and interventions in resource-limited settings for effective resuscitation to reduce neonatal mortality? [2015/15m/4b]
5.4] Family planning and MTP
32 questions
(i) Discuss the indications and methods of second-trimester termination of pregnancy. (ii) Describe the medico-legal issues of mid-trimester medical termination of pregnancy in modern practice. [2026/15m/8b]
(i) Describe the WHO medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use for women with medical conditions. (ii) Discuss the complications of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). (iii) How will you manage a case of misplaced copper-T (Cu-T)? [2025/15m/8b]
(i) A young newly married couple wants advice on contraception. Describe the various methods of contraception which are suitable for them. (ii) Enlist the various methods of female sterilization and complications of tubectomy. [2024/10m/5d]
(i) Enumerate the contraindications which limit the usage of oral contraceptive pills in a woman. (ii) Discuss the causes for failure of sterilization procedure in males and in females. [2022/10m/5d]
(i) What are the major changes that have been introduced under the MTP (Amendment) Act, 2021? (ii) What are the different contraceptive methods employed by people in India? List them in the order of their usage stating the statistics of how commonly they are used. (iii) What measures can help increase the use of contraceptives in India? [2021/15m/8b]
(i) Enumerate non-contraceptive usage of oral contraceptive pills. (ii) What are long-acting reversible contraceptives? Mention briefly their advantages over oral contraceptives. (iii) Define “Emergency contraception”. What is their mechanism of action? (iv) Enumerate any two “Emergency contraceptives”. How should they be prescribed for their maximum effectiveness? [2020/15m/7c]
(i) A woman forgot to take her pill last night and is worried about the risk of pregnancy. She is on combined oral contraceptives. If she seeks your advice, what will it be? (ii) What is meant by the “Pearl Index”? (iii) Which contraceptive methods have lowest “Pearl Index”? (iv) What are the criteria for an ideal contraceptive? [2019/15m/8b]
(i) How do combined oral contraceptives (COC) work? (ii) How long can a woman stay on COC? (iii) What effect do the COC have on the menstrual cycle? (iv) What is meant by “breakthrough bleeding”? What are its common causes? [2018/10m/5c]
Enumerate commonly used methods of female sterilization. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? [2017/10m/5c]
Enumerate few commonly used methods for Ist Trimester abortion. Briefly mention the immediate and remote complications of surgical method of abortion. [2016/10m/5c]
What are the different types of oral contraceptive pills? What is the mode of action of oral pills? Write briefly the indications and contra-indications of taking the pill. Enumerate the side-effects of taking the pill. [2016/10m/5d]
(i) What is the objective of Pre Conception Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act? (ii) Enumerate the forms that must be filled by the attending doctors while carrying out a pre-natal ultrasound. (iii) If a medical doctor is found to be violating the PCPNDT Act, what is the legal provision for punishment prescribed under the Act? [2015/10m/5c]
Enumerate few commonly used intrauterine devices. What are the indications, contraindications and complications of intrauterine device? [2014/15m/7b]
What are the commonly used methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy? Enumerate the immediate and remote complications of Medical Termination of Pregnancy. [2013/10m/5d]
What methods can be used for permanent sterilization of a 32-year-old female having 2 children? How is laparoscopic sterilization superior to tubectomy? [2013/15m/7b]
Name the commonly used IUCDs. What are the indications and contraindications of IUCD? Enumerate the complications associated after IUCD insertion. [2012/15m/5c]
Which contraceptive is most appropriate for a newly wedded young couple, wherein the husband is allergic towards latex? While making this decision, cite the pros and cons of the specific contraceptive agent, and state its contraindications and its failure rate. [2012/20m/8a]
Describe the indications and contraindications of oral contraceptives. [2010/15m/5c]
What is MTP? Mention indications for MTP. Describe different methods of termination in first trimester of pregnancy. [2009/20m/7c]
What are the risks associated with termination of pregnancy? [2007/20m/5c]
Write short note on merits and demerits of Hormonal Contraception. [2006/20m/7c]
Discuss the provisions and scope of M.T.P. Act of 1971. [2004/20m/5c]
Copper T. [2003/20m/5c]
Post coital Contraception. [2001/12m/5d]
Tubal Ligation. [2001/12m/5e]
Vasectomy. [2000/20m/8b]
Indications and techniques of second trimester abortion. [2000/20m/8c]
What are I.U.C.D.s? Discuss Cu-T in detail? [1999/20m/7a]
What are the different methods of female sterilization? Describe the procedure of minilap sterilization. [1998/20m/7a]
Post Partum sterilization. [1997/20m/200w/1c]
Enumerate different methods of contraception and mention the complications of oral contraceptive pills. [1996/20m/7c]
Discuss the common types of intrauterine contraceptive devices. [1995/20m/7a]
5.5] Gynaecology
50 questions
(i) Briefly discuss the differential diagnosis of “primary amenorrhea”. (ii) How do you manage a 15-year-old girl presenting with abdominal pain and primary amenorrhea due to an imperforate hymen? [2026/10m/5d]
(i) Discuss the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). (ii) Write briefly on the ovulation induction protocol in a Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) patient. [2026/15m/7c]
Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic endometriosis. [2025/10m/5d]
(i) Define infertility. How will you investigate the tubal factors of female infertility? (ii) Enumerate the assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. [2025/15m/7c]
(i) A 25-year-old infertile woman presents with menorrhagia. USG (Ultrasound) pelvis revealed multi-fibroid uterus, largest measuring 3 × 3 cm. Describe the evaluation and management of Fibroid Uterus in the above patient. (ii) Describe recent classification of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). Briefly discuss the endometrial pattern in various types of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. [2024/10m/5c]
(i) What are the signs and symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)? (ii) What are the complications of PID? (iii) How do you manage a 28-year-old woman, P1L1 with unilateral Tubo-ovarian abscess? [2024/15m/7c]
(i) Name any five risk factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse. (ii) Enlist the management options for a 60-year-old postmenopausal lady with procidentia with cystocoele with enterocoele with rectocoele. [2023/10m/5c]
Define chronic pelvic pain. What are the various causes of chronic pelvic pain in women? [2023/10m/5d]
(i) What are the methods for screening of cancer cervix? (ii) What are the risk factors for cervical cancer? (iii) Enlist the preventive strategies for cancer cervix. [2023/15m/7c]
(i) What is the current consensus on prescribing Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in post menopausal women? (ii) Discuss its merits and demerits. [2022/15m/7c]
(i) What has been the impact of HPV vaccination in India? (ii) Discuss the currently available Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccines and their schedules. [2022/15m/8b]
(i) Define menopause. (ii) List the medical indications for prescribing Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). (iii) State briefly the controversies that have demerited the concept of ‘Universal HRT’. [2021/10m/5d]
(i) How will you investigate a couple; wife 35 years, husband 37 years, married for 3 years, but trying for conception since 6 months? (ii) What are the major factors affecting fertility? (iii) Outline the treatment options available for unexplained infertility. [2021/15m/7c]
A 35-year-old unmarried female presents with heavy menstrual bleeding since two years with severe anaemia. (i) Write the causes for this condition. (ii) Outline the management protocol of this patient. [2020/10m/5c]
(i) Define Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI). (ii) How do you diagnose POI? (iii) Outline management for a 27-year-old woman with history of primary infertility presenting with POI. [2020/20m/6a]
(i) Why do women become less fertile after the age of 35 years? (ii) Why are two semen samples collected 3 months apart in the investigation of infertility? (iii) What points in a woman’s history would suggest a tubal problem causing infertility? [2019/15m/7c]
What are the possible reasons for “unexplained” infertility? [2018/10m/5d]
A 45-year-old multiparous woman presents with a 2-year history of heavy, irregular periods and increasing tiredness. On clinical examination, she appears pale. The uterus is enlarged to 12 weeks in size. The cervix and adnexae are unremarkable. Describe, giving reasons, how you would manage the case. [2018/15m/7c]
Define Assisted Reproductive Technology. Mention briefly the commonly used reproductive technologies. What are the indications and contraindications of each method? [2017/10m/5d]
Enumerate the common causes of menorrhagia in a 40-year-old woman. What are the different types of fibroid uterus? How would you manage the case of a 40-year-old woman suffering from menorrhagia due to fibroid uterus? [2017/15m/7c]
Define prolapse of uterus. Enumerate different degrees of prolapse of uterus. Enumerate the factors leading to prolapse of uterus. How would you manage the case of 3rd degree uterovaginal prolapse in a 38-year-old woman who has completed her family? [2017/15m/8b]
Define DUB (Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding). How would you manage a patient of DUB with 35 years of age who has completed her family? [2016/15m/7c]
(i) What is PAP smear? (ii) Briefly state its procedure. (iii) How do you interpret the test results? [2015/10m/5d]
(i) Draw a flow chart on how you would evaluate a 50-year-old lady presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. (ii) How does menopause influence the bone mineral density? (iii) What measures can be taken by a peri-menopausal woman to safeguard against osteoporosis? List them. [2015/20m/6a]
Enumerate the various tests of ovulation in a 20-year-old woman. What is the advantage of knowing the exact time of ovulation? [2014/10m/5d]
Define menopause. What are the signs and symptoms of menopause? How will you treat a case of hot flushes in a postmenopausal woman? [2013/10m/5c]
Define menorrhagia. How would you manage a case of puberty menorrhagia? [2012/15m/5d]
Enumerate the most frequent causes of purulent leukorrhea and describe the management of any two most common vaginal infections. [2012/20m/6c]
Define Primary and Secondary Infertility. How will you investigate a case of Primary Infertility? [2011/15m/5c]
What are the causes of Post-Menopausal Bleeding? How would you investigate a case of Post-Menopausal Bleeding? [2011/15m/5d]
Write down aetiology of uterine prolapse. Briefly describe the supports of the uterus. What are symptoms, signs and management of 3rd degree uterine prolapse in a woman of 42-years age, who has completed her family? [2011/20m/8a]
Define Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (D.U.B.). How will you diagnose a case of Metropathia Haemorrhagica? Briefly write the management of Metropathia Haemorrhagica. [2011/20m/8b]
Describe the management of a lady with cervical cancer in early stage. [2010/20m/8b]
Define dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Describe its clinical features and investigations. How would you manage a 34 yrs. old lady with an ovulatory bleeding? [2009/20m/7a]
Describe the management of a 14 years old girl with menorrhagia. [2007/30m/7b]
Give the causes of Amenorrhoea. How will you investigate a cause? [2005/20m/7b]
Discuss the investigations and management of a case of tubal factor infertility. [2004/20m/7b]
Enumerate the screening procedures for early detection of Ca-cervix. Discuss the Papanicolaou test (PAP) test. [2003/60m/7]
DUB (Dysfunction Uterine Bleeding) [2001/12m/5f]
Differential diagnosis of mass in pouch of Douglas. [2001/20m/8a]
Work up of a 30-year infertile male. [2001/20m/8c]
Screening techniques for genital malignancies. [2000/12m/5e]
Describe the causes associated with cancer cervix and cancer breast, among women 40 years and above. [1999/20m/9c]
How will you diagnose and treat leucorrhea due to gonococcus and trichomonas infection? [1998/20m/200w/1c]
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of Stage I Carcinoma of Cervix. [1997/60m/6]
How will you assess the fallopian tube status in an infertile woman? [1997/20m/7b]
Enumerate the causes of postmenopausal bleeding and discuss briefly the management of any one of them. [1996/20m/7a]
Discuss the methods of detection of ovulation in an infertile woman. [1995/20m/200w/1c]
Discuss the different methods available for early detection of female genital tract malignancy. [1995/20m/7b]
How will you diagnose and treat monilial vaginitis? [1995/20m/7c]
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Last updated: 31 October 2026