Here are all 197 General Medicine questions asked in UPSC Medical Science Optional Paper II from 1995 to 2026, arranged under the 8 topics of the official syllabus. Within each topic the latest questions come first.
Each question ends with a code such as [2024/15m/3b] – the year, the marks, the word limit (where UPSC set one) and the question number in the paper.
1.1] Infectious diseases
31 questions
Describe the management of a case of dog bite on the fingers associated with bleeding, as per the national guidelines of India. [2026/10m/1b]
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Kala-azar. [2024/20m/3a]
(i) Enlist the clinical features of dengue fever. (ii) Outline the management of a patient with dengue haemorrhagic fever. [2023/10m/1a]
A 22-year-old male is bitten by a stray dog on his right leg. The bite was an unprovoked bite. (i) What are the immediate dos and don’ts for such a wound? (ii) As per the national guidelines on rabies prophylaxis, what are the categories of dog bite in humans and what are the recommended post-exposure prophylaxis in each? (iii) What are the clinical manifestations of rabies in humans? (iv) What are the intramuscular and intradermal regimens of anti-rabies vaccine as per national guidelines? [2020/20m/4a]
(i) What are the investigations done to diagnose a case of Dengue fever? How are they useful on different days of illness? (ii) Write about the haematological tests done to monitor a case of uncomplicated Dengue fever between 3 – 7 days of illness. (iii) What are the indications of different blood components in the treatment of Dengue fever? [2019/10m/150w/1a]
A 30-year-old labourer, with high fever of three days duration, was brought to emergency in hospital in semiconscious state. (i) What are the likely causes for it? (ii) How will you diagnose and manage Japanese Encephalitis? (iii) What are the bad prognostic indicators for it? [2017/20m/3a]
A 7-year-old girl is brought with a history of dog-bite five minutes ago. She has abrasions on her hand, but no bleeding. (i) What category of bite would this injury fall under? (ii) What are the first-aid measures which need to be given to this child? (iii) What prophylactic steps would you take to prevent rabies in this child? [2015/20m/8a]
A 40-year-old drug addict was found in a drowsy state on road. He was severely malnourished, cachectic and dehydrated. His blood pressure was 70 mm of Hg. (i) Name the diseases with their five distinctive features to which drug addicts are prone to. (ii) What is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia? How would you investigate and treat? [2014/10m/1b]
It is late September month of year. A 25-year-old young executive from tribal area has been brought to hospital with high fever, rashes all over the body and bleeding nose. (i) Give your differential diagnosis. (ii) Name the investigations you will carry out in this case to confirm your diagnosis. (iii) In case his platelets fall to 15000 per cu mm, how does it help you in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment? (iv) Describe the clinical features and treatment of dengue shock syndrome. [2014/25m/3a]
An 18-year-old boy was brought to the casualty in stuporose condition with history of high-grade fever for 3 days. (i) Enumerate the causes. (ii) Describe the management of cerebral malaria. [2013/25m/2a]
Name the malaria parasites. Mention complications of malaria. How will you confirm and treat malaria? [2012/15m/4d]
Discuss the diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. [2011/15m/1a]
Describe post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies and management of dog bites. [2010/20m/3a]
Enumerate Anti-retroviral Therapy in HIV infected adult. [2009/15m/1b]
A 10 years old child comes with history of continuous high-grade fever for last 10 days, and spleen tip is palpable. (i) What is differential diagnosis? (ii) How will you approach the case? (iii) What is the treatment of enteric fever? [2007/20m/2b]
Mention all causes of exanthematous fever. How will you manage a case of measles? What are the complications of measles? How can you prevent this disease? [2007/20m/3c]
Describe briefly the ‘post-exposure prophylaxis’ of human rabies. [2007/30m/8a]
A 12 year old child has been brought to emergency with high fever of 2 weeks duration, abdominal discomfort and bleeding per rectum. Indicate the differential diagnosis and list of investigations. [2006/20m/1b]
A 6 year old boy has come to paediatric emergency with high fever, bleeding gums, epistaxis and rashes over the leg. Discuss the probable diagnosis and management. [2006/20m/3b]
Discuss the diagnosis and treatment of Malignant Malaria. [2006/20m/8b]
How will you diagnose Leptospirosis? Give its management in epidemic situation. [2005/20m/2b]
Common opportunistic infections in full blown AIDS disease – what treatment options are available? [2005/20m/2c]
Write about diagnosis and management of Septicaemia and Septic Shock. [2005/30m/4b]
Enumerate the complications encountered in a case of typhoid fever, enlist the dosage and duration of antimicrobials used for typhoid. [2004/20m/1a]
Describe the laboratory diagnosis of malaria. [2004/20m/2c]
Outline drug treatment (name, dose, toxicity) of HIV infection. [2003/20m/1a]
Describe various lesions of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Name the drugs to treat the condition. [2003/20m/1d]
A 10 year old child from a mosquito prone slum area has come to emergency with high fever, severe bodyache, epistaxis, rash and shock. Enumerate clinical possibilities and laboratory investigations. How would you manage his shock? [2002/60m/3]
Discuss diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin. [2000/20m/4a]
Management of class III dog bite in an adult. [1998/20m/9a]
A 30-year old man has been bitten by a stray dog on his arm. How will you manage the case? [1996/20m/9b]
1.2] Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
43 questions
A 20-year-old medical student presents with fever, dry cough, and right-sided chest pain. She also has loss of weight and loss of appetite. The chest X-ray shows right-sided pleural effusion. Discuss the diagnostic investigations and management of this patient. [2026/20m/2a]
An 18-year-old girl presents with episodic breathlessness, cough with sputum, chest tightness and wheezing for the last 4 years. She also complains of recurrent sneezing and nasal blockage. Discuss the evaluation and management of this patient. [2026/25m/3a]
Briefly describe the role of lifestyle interventions in prevention of coronary artery disease. [2025/10m/1a]
Discuss in short about the different modalities used in the diagnosis of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis. [2024/10m/2a(i)]
A sixty-year-old male develops central chest pain while walking uphill. The pain is squeezing in character, radiating to left arm, that relieves on taking rest. Discuss in short about the evaluation and treatment of this case. [2024/20m/4a]
A 20-year-old male has presented to the medicine OPD. He has complaints of episodes of breathlessness associated with tightness of chest and wheezing since the childhood. These episodes occurred commonly during the change of season. (i) What is the most probable diagnosis? (ii) How will you confirm the diagnosis? (iii) Discuss in short the clinical features of the disease. (iv) Outline the stepwise approach to the management of the disease. [2023/20m/4a]
A sixty-year-old diabetic male presented to the emergency department with acute onset, central squeezing type of chest pain, which is severe in intensity and not relieving even after taking rest. (i) What is the most probable diagnosis? (ii) How will you investigate the case to reach the diagnosis? (iii) Outline the steps in the management of the case. [2021/20m/2a]
A 40-year-old male who was bedridden for the last two months following a fracture in the lower limb developed sudden breathlessness. (i) What is the most probable diagnosis? (ii) How will you investigate the case? (iii) How will you manage the case? [2021/20m/3a]
(i) What are the various causes of pleural effusion? (ii) How can we differentiate between transudative and exudative pleural effusion based on ‘Light’s criteria’? (iii) What is parapneumonic effusion? Enlist factors which indicate towards inserting a chest tube to manage a case of parapneumonic effusion. [2020/15m/2b]
(i) Discuss in brief about the utility of GeneXpert in the management of Tuberculosis. (ii) What is the limitation of GeneXpert in the treatment of Pulmonary TB? (iii) What advice would you give to a 50-year-old diabetic male for prevention of Ischaemic heart disease? [2019/20m/2a]
(i) What is the risk of development of Cirrhosis of liver in the course of NAFLD? (ii) Discuss four common acute complications of Cirrhosis of liver. (iii) A 30-year-old male, known case of Bronchial Asthma, presented to the emergency with the complaints of breathlessness for the past one day and is not in a position to even speak out a sentence. Outline the management of this patient. [2019/20m/3a]
A 70-year-old male, bed-ridden for the last 2 weeks following a fracture of the femoral neck, presented to the medical emergency department with sudden breathlessness and hypotension. (i) What is the likely diagnosis? (ii) How would you diagnose this patient? (iii) What would be the management for this patient? [2018/15m/4c]
An 80-year-old male, bed-ridden for three weeks, develops sudden onset breathlessness, becomes unconscious and was brought to the casualty. (i) Discuss the probable etiologies of this episode. (ii) Outline the investigations required for diagnosis and management. (iii) Describe the management of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. [2016/25m/2a]
A 17-year-old girl, with a history of seasonal wheezing, off and on, presents to the casualty with sudden onset breathlessness. (i) Describe the etiopathogenesis of this condition. (ii) Discuss the short-term and long-term management of this disorder. [2016/25m/3a]
A 40-year-old Non-Resident Indian visiting India develops acute, sudden breathlessness one week after landing in India. A resident of USA, he has no such previous history of breathlessness. (i) List the differential diagnosis. (ii) How would you investigate this patient? [2015/10m/1a]
A 60-year-old chronic smoker, obese gentleman who had been suffering from diabetes for last five years, not on regular treatment, developed ‘Ghabarahat’ and sudden breathless and perspiration. (i) How would you work up this case? Draw a flowchart. (ii) Enumerate the line of treatment in case ECG indicates acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. (iii) Which lifestyle measures would you suggest to this person? [2014/25m/2a]
An elderly woman is bed-ridden for 4 weeks because of a fractured hip. She is brought to the casualty with sudden onset of breathlessness. (i) Enumerate the possible causes of breathlessness in this case. (ii) Describe the management of acute pulmonary embolism. [2013/25m/3a]
What are multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)? [2012/10m/2a(i)]
List the group of drugs used to treat MDR-TB. [2012/10m/2a(ii)]
What is unstable angina? How will you manage a patient with unstable angina? [2012/20m/3c]
What is empyema? Discuss the management of a case with empyema. [2012/15m/4a]
(i) A 2-year old child weighing 10 kg presented with fever of two months duration, cough, loss of weight and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. There was no B.C.G. scar. Mantoux test was positive (15 mm induration). Discuss the diagnosis and outline the management of this case. (ii) A one year old boy presented with high grade fever and convulsions of one day duration. Discuss the diagnosis and management of this child. [2011/15m/1d]
Enumerate various coronary risk factors. Describe the management of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room. [2011/20m/4a]
How will you manage a case of acute severe bronchial asthma? [2010/15m/1a]
A 35-year old male took Anti-TB Treatment (ATT) for 9 months with first-line drugs. His sputum is still positive for AFB. Discuss causes of treatment failure and his management now. [2009/20m/3a]
Describe the symptoms and sign of acute MI. How will you investigate the case and what positive finding will you get in reports? Describe the treatment in brief. [2007/20m/1a]
A 35 years old patient comes with chest pain on left side. There is also history of high-grade fever for the last 3 days. Write your differential diagnosis. How will you manage a case of acute pneumonitis? [2007/20m/2a]
What do you understand with the terms miliary tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis? What are the complications of the miliary tuberculosis? How will you diagnose and manage the case of a TBM? [2007/30m/4a]
Mention the diseases caused by chronic smoking. A 60 year old male, a chronic smoker develops severe cough, dyspnoea and swelling in feet. Name the differential diagnosis and approach to this case. [2006/20m/2a]
Discuss the management of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis. [2005/20m/1c]
Enlist the respiratory diseases associated with clubbing. How will you establish the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma? [2004/20m/1b]
Mention the physical findings of rheumatic mitral stenosis in a 10 yr old child. [2004/20m/1c]
Enumerate coronary risk factors in a 40 years old man and 60 year old woman. Mention briefly the modifiable coronary risk factors. [2002/20m/1a]
Describe the clinical features and management of Rheumatic fever. [2001/60m/2]
Describe multi-drug resistance in tuberculosis. [2000/20m/4b]
Describe the clinical features, investigations and management of Acute Myocardial Infarction. [1999/60m/2]
Describe Bundle Branch Block. [1998/20m/3b]
Describe various laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. [1998/20m/3c]
Prevention and control of Rheumatic Fever. [1998/20m/9b]
Discuss severe Acute Asthma. [1997/20m/200w/1b]
Enumerate the different clinical presentations of Acute Myocardial Infarction. How will you manage cardiogenic shock? [1997/60m/2]
Etiology and clinical features of Lobar Pneumonia. [1996/20m/1a]
Discuss the causes of haemoptysis. [1995/20m/3b]
1.3] Gastrointestinal and liver diseases
27 questions
A 45-year-old hepatitis-C positive patient presents with icterus, oliguria, abdominal distention and blood in stools. Discuss the investigations and management of this patient. [2026/25m/4a]
(i) Elaborate the indications for initiating antiviral therapy in a patient with chronic hepatitis B. (ii) Write the first-line antivirus treatment regimen for the management of chronic hepatitis B along with the recommended monitoring strategy during therapy. [2025/25m/3a]
Describe the clinical features of malabsorption syndrome. [2024/10m/2a(ii)]
Discuss in short the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of cirrhosis of liver. [2021/20m/4a]
(i) Enumerate the commonly encountered serological patterns of Hepatitis-B infection along with the interpretation of each. (ii) Discuss the role of Tenofovir in the treatment of chronic Hepatitis-B infection. [2020/15m/3c]
(i) Write briefly about the medical management of peptic ulcer disease. (ii) Enumerate various surgeries for duodenal ulcer. (iii) Discuss in brief about the sequelae of peptic ulcer surgery. [2020/15m/6b]
(i) What is the risk of development of Cirrhosis of liver in the course of NAFLD? (ii) Discuss four common acute complications of Cirrhosis of liver. (iii) A 30-year-old male, known case of Bronchial Asthma, presented to the emergency with the complaints of breathlessness for the past one day and is not in a position to even speak out a sentence. Outline the management of this patient. [2019/20m/3a]
(i) Enumerate the causes of acute hepatitis. (ii) What are the natural history and clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis-C infection? (iii) What are the direct acting antiviral agents for hepatitis-C infection? [2018/10m/1a]
A 40-year-old man gives history of gradual loss of weight and altered bowel habits for last two years. What differential diagnosis would you consider? How will you manage Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome? [2017/10m/1b]
A 4-year-old child presents with stunted growth and moderate pallor. The child had history of intermittent diarrhoea. (i) Mention the differential diagnosis. (ii) Mention the investigations required for diagnosis of celiac diseases. (iii) Outline the management of celiac diseases in children. [2017/15m/3b]
A 30-year-old business executive, who is asymptomatic, has been tested positive for Hepatitis-B surface antigen. (i) How would you further investigate this individual? (ii) What steps would you take for the management? [2015/10m/1c]
A 42-year-old lady from rural area has come with hugely distended abdomen, protuberant umbilicus and visible veins. She recently had bleeding per rectum. She has been running low-grade fever and cough for long. (i) Give your differential diagnosis giving five important diagnostic features of each. (ii) Give a flowchart of your approach to this case. [2014/10m/1a]
A 32-year-old lady with 12-week amenorrhoea has been brought to casualty with high fever. She is noted to have deep jaundice. (i) List your differential diagnosis giving five essential features of each entity. (ii) Discuss your plan of investigations. (iii) What would be your plan of treatment in case it turns out to be hepatitis B⊕ and urine output in 24 hours drops to mere 200 ml? [2014/25m/4a]
A 50-year-old male, chronic heavy alcoholic for 20 years, was administered aspirin for headache. Following which, he developed sudden massive hematemesis. (i) Enumerate the causes of hematemesis in this case. (ii) How will you manage this patient? [2013/25m/4a]
A 4-year-old male child is admitted with history of diarrhea, pain abdomen, vomiting off and on since the age of one year. He had taken treatment from various practitioners without significant improvement. On examination, child is malnourished, weight 9 kg, height 90 cm. There are signs of vitamin and mineral deficiency.
(i) Enumerate all the probable causes of this condition. [2012/4m/1a(i)]
(ii) What investigations will you advise to diagnose the cause? [2012/4m/1a(ii)]
(iii) Describe the management of celiac disease. [2012/4m/1a(iii)]
What are the common causes of haemetemesis? Discuss the treatment of duodenal ulcer. [2010/20m/2a]
Outline the causes of acute liver cell failure (hepatic encephalopathy). Discuss, in brief, its management. [2010/20m/4a]
Outline the management of a case of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. [2009/5m/1a(ii)]
A 50 year old chronic alcoholic truck driver has developed severe haematemesis. Indicate the diagnostic possibilities. How would you manage this case? [2006/20m/2c]
How will you diagnose various types of Irritable Bowel Syndrome? What management modalities are applied at present? [2005/20m/1a]
30 years old male has come with Jaundice of one-week duration. Discuss the differential diagnosis and management. [2005/60m/3]
Discuss the causes of soft and tender hepatomegaly in an adult. [2004/20m/2b]
A 30 year old alcoholic male has come to casualty with haematemesis. Discuss the differential diagnosis, list of investigations and management of such a case. [2003/60m/2]
Define Hematemesis Enumerate the causes of Hematemesis. [1998/20m/200w/1b]
Describe the laboratory parameters for arriving to the etiology of Viral Hepatitis. [1997/20m/3a]
Write what you know about Tropical Sprue. [1997/20m/3c]
Discuss the etiology, clinical features, investigations and drug treatment of Duodenal Ulcer. [1996/60m/2]
1.4] Renal diseases
21 questions
Discuss the diagnostic approach to and curative management of renovascular hypertension. [2025/10m/4c]
Discuss in short the aetiology, clinical features, investigations and management of chronic renal failure. [2023/20m/3a]
Discuss in brief the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of nephrotic syndrome in a 40 year old adult. [2022/20m/2a]
(i) What are the current guidelines regarding the classification of hypertension? (ii) Enumerate the causes of secondary hypertension. (iii) Enumerate the various anti-hypertensive drugs based on their mechanism of action. [2018/20m/4b]
A 20-year-old young man was brought to the casualty with severe headache. His blood pressure was 220/130 mm of Hg. On previous two occasions also his BP was recorded very high. What is the differential diagnosis? How will you investigate and manage him? [2017/20m/4a]
A 3-year-old child presents with generalized oedema. (i) Enlist the differential diagnosis. (ii) Mention the investigations required for diagnosis of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. (iii) Outline the treatment of Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. [2017/15m/4b]
A 70-year-old patient with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes mellitus (of 20 years duration) presents with tingling and pain in the legs, blurring of the vision, weakness, easy fatiguability and bony pains. Investigations revealed blood urea 130 mg/dL, and serum creatinine 4.5 mg/dL. (i) What is the likely diagnosis? (ii) How will you classify the chronic kidney disease? (iii) Discuss the management of advanced renal failure. [2016/25m/4a]
What are the symptoms of acute pyelonephritis? [2012/4m/2b(i)]
Name the organisms that commonly cause acute pyelonephritis. [2012/8m/2b(ii)]
List the antibiotics commonly used to treat severe pyelonephritis. [2012/8m/2b(iii)]
Enumerate common aetiological conditions for acute renal failure (ARF) in India. Discuss, in brief the management of ARF. [2011/20m/2a]
A three year old boy presented with swelling of the face, oedema of the feet and abdominal distension of two weeks duration. Urine examination revealed albumin was ++++. Discuss the diagnosis and management of this child. [2011/20m/2c]
Enumerate the causes of secondary hypertension. Describe, in brief, the treatment of a patient with essential hypertension. [2010/15m/1b]
What do you understand with the term nephrotic syndrome? Classify the various nephrotic syndromes according to etiology. How will you manage a case of minimal lesion type of nephrotic syndrome – first attack? [2007/20m/1c]
What are the complications of an untreated acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) in a 10 years old girl? How will you manage each complication? [2007/30m/4b]
A 10 year old girl child has developed general anasarca, cola coloured urine and blood pressure of 240/120 mm of Hg. Give differential diagnosis; mention names of investigations and give an outline of management of this patient. [2003/60m/3]
Prevention of essential hypertension. [2000/12m/1f]
What are the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Pyelonephritis? [1999/20m/3b]
Discuss the drug treatment of Essential Hypertension. [1996/20m/3b]
Discuss the etiology, clinical features, complications and management of Hypertension. [1995/60m/2]
How will you investigate a case of Acute Glomerulonephritis? [1995/20m/3c]
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View the BookDownload Free Sample1.5] Endocrine and haematological diseases
28 questions
Briefly discuss the management of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. [2026/10m/4c]
A 23-year-old woman with type I diabetes mellitus presents with nausea, vomiting and altered sensorium. On examination, she is tachypneic and hypotensive. Her random blood sugar is 460 mg/dL, and routine examination of urine is positive (++) for ketone. Outline the stepwise approach to the diagnosis and management of this patient. [2025/20m/2a]
(i) How do you differentiate between acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) based on peripheral smear and bone marrow findings? (ii) Describe the current standard of care for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in adults and children. [2025/25m/4a]
(i) Discuss in brief about the diet and exercise related advice given to a 35 year old male diagnosed with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. (ii) Write the acute complications of Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and outline their management. [2022/20m/3a]
A 25 year old female has presented to the medicine OPD with complaints of excessive tiredness, cold intolerance and menstrual irregularities. (i) Write the name of thyroid disorder that can lead to above manifestations. (ii) Tabulate the differentiating cardiovascular clinical manifestations in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. (iii) Outline the pharmacological management of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. What are the blood investigations conducted to monitor the treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism? [2022/20m/4a]
(i) Enumerate the various primary haemostatic disorders. (ii) Discuss the treatment of severe haemarthrosis of right knee in a 50 kg male suffering with Haemophilia A. [2020/10m/1b]
(i) Describe in brief about prevention, investigation and treatment of microvascular complications of Diabetes mellitus. (ii) Discuss in brief about the indications of Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT). [2019/20m/4a]
A 23-year-old lady presented to OPD with diffusely enlarged thyroid for last 3 years. She also has a history of heat intolerance and increased appetite. (i) How will you work up this patient? (ii) Enumerate the eye signs in Graves’ disease. (iii) Briefly describe the medical management of this condition. [2019/15m/6b]
A middle-aged hypothyroid woman on irregular medication became drowsy two days ago following an episode of fever. (i) What could be the causes of drowsiness in this patient? (ii) How will you diagnose and manage the patient? (iii) State cardio-vascular manifestations in hypothyroidism. [2018/15m/2a]
A 70-year-old man was found comatose on the road by a passerby. There were no external injuries. He was brought to the casualty. What are the common medical conditions in his case? How will you manage Diabetic Ketoacidosis? [2017/20m/2a]
A 60-year-old gentleman presents with anaemia, Hb 6.8 gm/dl. Apart from weakness, there are no localizing symptoms or signs. He was diagnosed with myocardial infarction 8 years earlier and remains asymptomatic on atorvastatin and low dose aspirin since the M.I. (i) What is the likely cause for anaemia in this patient? (ii) Which laboratory investigations are helpful in his management? (iii) What is the appropriate treatment for this condition? [2015/17m/2a]
A 10-year-old boy presented with history of recurrent joint swelling of knees, elbows and ankles, following trivial injuries. His maternal uncle had similar illness. (i) What is the nature of disease and the likely diagnosis? (ii) Which investigations can confirm this disease? (iii) What is the medical management in this young patient? (iv) What is the advice for his mother? [2015/18m/2b]
List the conditions that cause megaloblastic anemia. Discuss the blood picture of this condition. How will you treat this case? [2012/15m/4b]
Describe the clinical features and medical management of hyperthyroidism. [2011/20m/3a]
A patient aged 50 years is brought in unconscious state from street by the police. There was a card in his pocket mentioning that he was diabetic. How will you approach the case? Describe in detail. [2007/20m/2c]
A 2 years old child is brought to you with history of still unable to walk. There is history of some delayed milestones. On examination anterior fontanelle was open and wrists were widened, (i) Write what all history you would like to know. (ii) What positive examination findings, will you try to find, to make a diagnosis? (iii) What is your differential diagnosis? (iv) What drugs are used in the treatment of rickets and hypothyroidism? Also mention their doses. [2007/20m/3a]
Define metabolic syndrome. Mention the names of diseases which individuals with metabolic syndrome are susceptible to. Indicate the measures to overcome this problem. [2006/20m/1a]
Mention five characteristic facies observed in a child, describe facies of a child born from an untreated hypothyroid mother. What drug you will prescribe to this child? [2006/20m/3c]
Enumerate various skin complications of diabetes. What is diabetic foot? Briefly mention its pathophysiology. [2006/20m/4b]
Classify haemolytic anaemias; discuss the laboratory diagnosis of haemolytic anaemias; describe the treatment of β-Thalassemia. [2004/60m/3]
Write various manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Outline its laboratory investigations and management. [2002/30m/4a]
Enumerate cutaneous lesions of diabetes. Write briefly the investigations and management of diabetic foot. [2002/30m/4b]
Iron Deficiency Anaemia in children. [2001/12m/1b]
Describe etiology, diagnosis and management of acute leukaemias. [2000/60m/2]
How will you diagnose iron deficiency anaemia? [1999/20m/3a]
Describe the symptoms and signs in Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy. [1998/20m/3a]
Enumerate signs of primary thyrotoxicosis. [1997/20m/200w/1a]
Describe Sideroblastic Anaemia. [1997/20m/3b]
1.6] Meningitis and encephalitis
19 questions
A 30-year-old female has been brought to medical emergency with a history of low-grade fever, headache, anorexia and weight loss for the last one month. She has also developed diplopia and altered sensorium for the last two days. (i) What is the most likely diagnosis? (ii) Enumerate the investigations required to confirm the diagnosis. (iii) Differentiate between the CSF findings in pyogenic, tubercular and viral meningitis. (iv) Outline the treatment plan in this patient. [2023/20m/2a]
A young male patient came to the medical emergency department with fever, headache and recurrent vomiting. He was also having some skin lesions on both lower limbs and abdomen. On clinical examination, he was drowsy and having neck rigidity. (i) What is his differential diagnosis? (ii) Discuss in brief the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of acute meningitis. (iii) What are the causes of recurrent meningitis? [2018/15m/3a]
A 23-year-old young man presents to medical emergency with recurrent seizures for 2 days. (i) Enumerate the points in clinical history and examination that are relevant to the diagnosis. (ii) Which investigations are warranted to arrive at the diagnosis? (iii) List the steps in the management of this patient in emergency. (iv) Name three common diseases that can manifest with recurrent seizures. [2015/17m/4a]
A young adult presents with history of headache, fever, vomiting and altered sensorium for five days. On examination, neck rigidity is present.
(i) What is your diagnosis? List the common organisms that cause this condition. [2012/4m/1b(i)]
(ii) What findings do you expect on CSF examination? [2012/3m/1b(ii)]
(iii) List the drugs that are used to manage this case. [2012/5m/1b(iii)]
Describe complications and management of acute meningococcal meningitis. [2011/15m/1b]
(i) A 2-year old child weighing 10 kg presented with fever of two months duration, cough, loss of weight and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. There was no B.C.G. scar. Mantoux test was positive (15 mm induration). Discuss the diagnosis and outline the management of this case. (ii) A one year old boy presented with high grade fever and convulsions of one day duration. Discuss the diagnosis and management of this child. [2011/15m/1d]
What do you understand with the terms miliary tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis? What are the complications of the miliary tuberculosis? How will you diagnose and manage the case of a TBM? [2007/30m/4a]
A young adult of 18 years comes with history of Recurrent Seizures. How will you manage this and Status Epilepticus? [2005/20m/2a]
Discuss the differential diagnosis of acute flaccid quadriplegia in a 30 yr old male. [2004/20m/2a]
Enumerate causes of stroke in a 35 year old person. Enlist various investigations to elucidate the cause. [2003/20m/1b]
Mention clinical features of tubercular meningitis in a 6 year old child. List the names of the investigations. [2003/20m/1c]
A 30 year old female has come with sudden loss of consciousness and right sided weakness following delivery. Mention differential diagnosis and line of investigations to arrive at a correct diagnosis. [2002/60m/2]
Management of Tuberculosis Meningitis. [2001/12m/1d]
Describe the management of febrile convulsions in children. [2001/20m/4a]
Discuss the management of Acute Pyogenic Meningitis. [1999/20m/3c]
Dementia. [1998/20m/200w/1a]
Discuss Acute Stroke and the principles of its management. [1998/60m/2]
Describe the clinical features and management of T.B. Meningitis. [1996/20m/3c]
Discuss the causes of convulsion in a middle aged man. [1995/20m/200w/1a]
1.7] Imaging
9 questions
Discuss the role of various imaging modalities in the diagnostic evaluation of pyelonephritis. [2025/10m/1b]
Discuss in short the role of a Chest X-ray in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. [2024/10m/1a]
Discuss in short the role of X-ray imaging in diagnosing a case of acute abdomen. [2023/10m/4c]
Enumerate the imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases. List their specific indications in diagnosing cardiac illnesses. [2022/10m/1a]
Discuss in brief the role of ultrasound in the investigation of pain in right hypochondrium. [2021/10m/1a]
(i) Discuss in brief about the role of USG in the management of Liver abscess. (ii) Discuss in brief about the non-pharmacological management of Anxiety disorder. [2019/10m/150w/1b]
What are the principles of Echocardiography? What is its diagnostic significance? [2017/10m/1c]
Discuss the principles of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In which conditions, has it a better diagnostic value than computerized tomography (CT) scan? [2016/10m/1a]
What is the principle of ultrasound? In which medical conditions, it is almost diagnostic? [2013/10m/1b]
1.8] Psychiatry
19 questions
Describe the clinical features for diagnosing a case of Depression. [2024/10m/1b]
Write the symptoms of schizophrenia. [2023/10m/1b]
Outline the pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of anxiety disorders. [2022/10m/1b]
Outline the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of depressive disorders. [2021/10m/1b]
(i) As per ICD-10 classification, describe briefly the types of schizophrenia. (ii) Enumerate the various catatonic symptoms observed in schizophrenia and describe each in one line. [2020/10m/1a]
(i) Discuss in brief about the role of USG in the management of Liver abscess. (ii) Discuss in brief about the non-pharmacological management of Anxiety disorder. [2019/10m/150w/1b]
(i) Describe in brief about prevention, investigation and treatment of microvascular complications of Diabetes mellitus. (ii) Discuss in brief about the indications of Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT). [2019/20m/4a]
(i) Describe the aetio-pathogenesis, clinical features and management of “Bipolar Disorder”. (ii) Enumerate the side effects of commonly used anti-psychotic drugs. [2018/10m/1c]
A young 23-year-old lady had attempted suicide thrice in last one year. What is the cause of her condition? How do you diagnose and manage Major Depressive Disorder? [2017/10m/1a]
An 18-year-old young girl has attacks of restlessness, insomnia, cold sweating and fear. Discuss the differential diagnosis. Outline the principles of management of “generalized anxiety disorder”. [2016/10m/1b]
An 18-year-old unmarried young lady, highly conscious of her body image, develops severe weight loss. She has amenorrhoea for 7 months and her food intake is minimal. (i) What is the most likely diagnosis? (ii) What is the management in such a case? [2015/15m/3c]
A 45-year-old lady, after death of her husband 2 months back, is feeling lonely and remains aloof. (i) Enumerate the likely conditions. (ii) How will you diagnose and manage a major depressive disorder? [2013/10m/1a]
What is panic disorder? Name the drugs commonly used to treat this disorder. [2012/12m/1e]
A 40-year old male comes to you with history of smoking 20 cigarettes per day for the last 15 years. What are the diseases he is prone to get? How to deaddict such an individual? [2009/10m/1a(i)]
Enlist causes of Schizophrenia. Mention briefly its clinical subtypes, differential diagnosis and drug treatment. [2002/20m/1b]
Stress related diseases. [2001/12m/1a]
Diseases caused by alcohol consumption. [2000/12m/1a]
Anxiety neurosis. [2000/12m/1b]
Schizophrenia. [1999/20m/200w/1a]
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Last updated: 31 October 2026