Here are all 110 Farm Management and Agricultural Economics questions asked in UPSC Agriculture Optional Paper I from 1995 to 2026, arranged under the 7 topics of the official syllabus. Within each topic the latest questions come first.
Each question ends with a code such as [2024/15m/3b] – the year, the marks, the word limit (where UPSC set one) and the question number in the paper.
8.1] Farm management and farm planning
27 questions
Write the steps involved in farm planning. [2026/10m/150w/5e]
What are the various factors affecting farm profits? Discuss the decisions which are critical to attain good farm profits. [2026/20m/7a]
Why is farm planning necessary? Brief the limitations of farm planning. [2025/10m/7c]
Differentiate between partial and complete farm budget. Highlight the steps adopted while preparing farm planning and budgeting. [2025/20m/8a]
Briefly discuss the decisions involved in Farm management. Write down the principles applied in Farm management. [2024/20m/7b]
Describe the procedure of making successful farm plan. Write the characteristics of good farm planning. [2022/20m/7b]
What are the characteristics of a good farm plan? What techniques will you adopt to solve the farm management problems? [2018/10m/8b]
What are the various farm management tools used in farm planning? [2017/10m/6c]
Farm planning and Farm management. [2016/10m/150w/5d]
What are the important principles of farm management? [2016/10m/7c]
Discuss the farm management problems in the Indian context. [2015/10m/150w/1c]
Enumerate the procedures in developing farm plan and budget. [2014/10m/150w/5e]
Explain various farm management tools in farm planning. [2014/10m/8b]
What are the uses of farm planning and budgeting? Discuss the steps to be followed in farm planning and budgeting. [2013/10m/200w/2d]
Steps in farm planning and budgeting. [2012/12m/150w/5b]
Role and importance of Farm Management under changing rural farm scenario. [2010/12m/100w/5c]
Highlight the importance of farm planning and budgeting in resource allocation and cost minimization. [2010/10m/8c]
Farm planning and budgeting. [2007/15m/8c]
Discuss farm planning with the principal characteristics of a good farm plan. How is it helpful in farm operation to Indian farmers? [2006/60m/7]
Differentiate between management of a farm and farm management. How is farm management useful to farmers of our country? What is the scope of farm management on small farms? [2005/60m/7]
What are the main causes of low crop production and profit per unit area in India? Discuss specific measures by which the objective of maximization of crop production and profit can be achieved. [2004/60m/6]
What are the advantages and principle characteristic of farm planning? Name the different techniques which can be used for farm planning under ideal conditions. [2002/60m/2]
Farm planning. [2001/20m/200w/5c]
Prepare a production plan for a family farm of 0.5 hectare having four fields irrigated by hired tubewell water in which domestic needs govern the cropping system. [2001/60m/7]
To an agriculturist, farm management is equally important as crop management for increased productivity and income Explain. [1999/60m/7]
Discuss importance and steps in farm planning. [1998/60m/6]
Discuss farm management and its problem under Indian conditions. What are typical farm management decisions required by the farmers of large size holdings? [1995/60m/8]
8.2] Optimum resource use and budgeting
22 questions
Differentiate between partial and complete farm budget. Highlight the steps adopted while preparing farm planning and budgeting. [2025/20m/8a]
What is farm budgeting? Explain different types of farm budgeting. [2020/10m/7c]
Enumerate the procedures in developing farm plan and budget. [2014/10m/150w/5e]
What are the uses of farm planning and budgeting? Discuss the steps to be followed in farm planning and budgeting. [2013/10m/200w/2d]
Principle of limited capital and opportunity cost. [2013/10m/150w/6c]
Steps in farm planning and budgeting. [2012/12m/150w/5b]
What is farm budgeting? Discuss different types of farm budgeting. [2012/15m/200w/8c]
Highlight the importance of farm planning and budgeting in resource allocation and cost minimization. [2010/10m/8c]
Define marginal & small farmers. Give a list of (a) Non-monetary inputs & (b) Low cost inputs technology useful for these farmers, Discuss in detail two each from a & b list. [2007/60m/4]
Farm mechanization. [2007/15m/8b]
Farm planning and budgeting. [2007/15m/8c]
Factors of production. [2007/15m/8e]
Production function. [2006/20m/200w/5c]
Principle of limited capital and opportunity cost. [2004/15m/200w/5c]
Mechanization in agriculture. [2004/15m/200w/5d]
Law of diminishing return. [2003/20m/200w/5c]
Production Economics. [2002/20m/200w/1a]
Maximum yield and Maximum economic yield. [2001/15m/8d]
Farm Budgeting. [2000/20m/200w/1b]
What is farm labour? Explain reasons for their low efficiency and write measures to improve the efficiency of the farm labour. [2000/60m/2]
Define maximum economical yield (MEY). Describe the important inputs and operations in wheat after toria. [1997/60m/7]
Give a list of non-monetary input Technology for small and marginal farmers in India. Discuss any four of them in detail. [1997/60m/8]
8.3] Types and systems of farming and their economics
8 questions
Explain different types of farming. Discuss the factors affecting types of farming. [2024/20m/8a]
Enlist and explain the effects of “Farmers (Empowerment and protection) agreement on price assurance and farm service Act-2020” on small and medium farmers in India. [2020/20m/2b]
What is diversified system of farming? How it is beneficial to small and marginal farmers in India? [2020/10m/150w/5d]
Describe contract farming in India and its relevance in present scenario. [2019/20m/6a]
How is ‘contract farming’ playing an important role in agrifood chain in the Indian context? [2015/10m/150w/1d]
Cooperative farming in the context of subdivision and fragmentation of land-holdings. [2010/12m/100w/5d]
Discuss the prospects and problems of contract farming. What Government interventions are required for success of contract farming in India? [2009/60m/6]
Contract farming. [2007/20m/200w/5a]
Preparing for Prelims too?
Our UPSC Prelims Topic-wise PYQ eBook covers every Prelims question with detailed explanations, so you can see exactly where UPSC asks from.
View the BookDownload Free Sample8.4] Agricultural marketing
26 questions
Discuss the rationale of Farmers’ markets in India. Enlist the impact of farmers’ markets on various stakeholders with suitable examples. [2026/20m/8b]
‘Pre-harvest scarcity and post-harvest glut’–elucidate with suitable examples, and give any two valid reasons behind such situation under Indian context. [2025/10m/150w/5c]
Explain the term ‘market intelligence’. Briefly point out the role of market intelligence and how it is useful to the Government, traders, farmers, consumers and researchers. [2025/10m/150w/5d]
Briefly discuss the price instability and its types. Write down the measurements for price instability. [2024/10m/150w/5c]
Explain the important types of agricultural markets in India. [2023/10m/150w/5d]
Write the main functions of Directorate of Marketing and Inspection. Discuss the roles of AGMARK and e-NAM in agricultural marketing. [2023/20m/7a]
Enlist the problems of agricultural marketing in India and also describe the role of market intelligence in addressing these problems. [2022/10m/6c]
Explain the institutional infrastructure of Agricultural marketing in India. [2020/10m/150w/5b]
e-NAM (National Agriculture Market) and its advantages. [2019/10m/150w/5e]
Initiatives for improving agricultural marketing in India. [2018/10m/150w/1e]
What is the significance of marketing information in agricultural marketing? Discuss the status of market intelligence in India. [2017/20m/7a]
Describe the concept of market intelligence and explain the various problems in agricultural marketing system in India. [2016/10m/6c]
Why marketing information is considered important in agricultural marketing? Discuss the status of market intelligence in India. [2014/20m/7b]
Discuss briefly the challenges in agricultural marketing system. State the advantages of supply chain management. [2013/10m/150w/1e]
What are the major problems of agricultural marketing in India? [2012/15m/200w/6c]
What is the importance of agricultural marketing? Explain the physical and institutional infrastructure of marketing and market intelligence. [2011/30m/7a]
Enumerate the major problems of Indian agricultural marketing. [2010/30m/6b]
Describe the role of co-operative marketing to Indian farmers. Give its main functions and the reasons of slow progress in India. [2006/60m/8]
Cooperative marketing and regulated market. [2003/20m/200w/5d]
Producer’s Surplus. [2002/20m/200w/1b]
Price fluctuation. [2001/20m/200w/1d]
Regulated Market. [2000/20m/200w/1a]
“Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs on one hand and outputs on the other are the greatest bottlenecks in increasing agricultural production in India.” Comment. [1999/60m/6]
Price fluctuation. [1998/20m/200w/5c]
What do you mean by producer’s surplus of agricultural commodities? Describe its importance and relationship between marketed and marketable surplus along with the factors which affects them. [1996/60m/8]
Cooperative marketing. [1995/20m/200w/5b]
8.5] Co-operatives in the agricultural economy
11 questions
How do Farmers Producers Organizations (FPOs) help in empowering the farmers through addressing their needs? Describe the role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras in climate resilient agriculture, citing suitable examples. [2023/20m/7b]
Self Help Groups (SHGs) and Farmers Producers Organizations (FPOs) [2022/10m/150w/5a]
Kisan Credit Card and Soil Health Card. [2022/10m/150w/5b]
Cooperative Societies and Non Government Organizations (NGOs) [2022/10m/150w/5e]
Discuss cooperative marketing with successful case studies. [2021/10m/6c]
Kisan Credit Card. [2016/10m/150w/5e]
Detail the role of co-operative marketing. [2015/10m/150w/5d]
Kisan Credit Card. [2013/12.5m/200w/8d]
Describe the role of co-operative marketing to Indian farmers. Give its main functions and the reasons of slow progress in India. [2006/60m/8]
Cooperative marketing and regulated market. [2003/20m/200w/5d]
Cooperative marketing. [1995/20m/200w/5b]
8.6] Agricultural price policy
10 questions
How are prices regulated through agricultural price policy? [2026/10m/150w/5d]
What is the need for agricultural price policy? Write its objectives. Discuss the criteria for deciding minimum support price (MSP) for each crop. [2023/20m/8a]
Describe Q. Nos. 5(a), 5(c), 5(d), 5(e) and answer Q. No. 5(b) (in about 150 words each): The Minimum Support Price (MSP) and its determination. [2021/10m/150w/5c]
Discuss the success and failure of agricultural price policy since its inception. Discuss the recent initiatives/changes in agricultural price policy. [2021/20m/8b]
Elaborate the strategies for doubling the farmers’ income by 2022. [2018/10m/7d]
Describe the significance of minimum support prices of agricultural produce in India. How are they worked out? [2017/10m/7c]
Discuss the mechanism of fixation of minimum support prices of agricultural products. [2016/10m/8a]
Discuss the mechanism of fixation of minimum support prices of agricultural products. [2014/20m/6c]
Subsidy on food and fertilizers. [1999/20m/200w/1d]
“Marketing and pricing of agricultural inputs on one hand and outputs on the other are the greatest bottlenecks in increasing agricultural production in India.” Comment. [1999/60m/6]
8.7] Crop insurance
6 questions
Describe the importance of crop insurance for small and marginal farmers in India. Write the role of insurance companies for crop insurance. [2022/10m/8c]
Describe Q. Nos. 5(a), 5(c), 5(d), 5(e) and answer Q. No. 5(b) (in about 150 words each): Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and its progress. [2021/10m/150w/5d]
Discuss the crop insurance and its implications. Narrate the government initiatives taken for crop insurance. [2018/10m/6c]
Crop Insurance. [2017/10m/150w/5e]
Crop insurance. [2011/15m/150w/5d]
Describe the importance of crop insurance in minimizing risk in agricultural production. [2010/20m/7b]
Strengthen your GS papers
Our UPSC Mains Topic-wise & Year-wise PYQ eBook (2013–2026) maps every GS question to the syllabus, so you know what UPSC asks and how often.
View the BookDownload Free SampleSpotted an error? Tell us.
We classify every PYQ with care, but mistakes can slip in. If a question is in the wrong topic, has a typo, the wrong year, or is missing, let us know. We review every report and update the page.
Report an Error« Previous: Water Management and Irrigation | Next: Agricultural Extension »
Back to: Agriculture Optional PYQs – Topic-wise
Last updated: 30 October 2026