Menu Close

Vector Analysis – Mathematics Optional PYQs (2008–2026)

Here are all 89 Vector Analysis questions asked in UPSC Mathematics Optional Paper I from 2008 to 2026, arranged under the 3 topics of the official syllabus. Within each topic the latest questions come first.

Each question ends with a code such as [2024/10m/1a] – the year, the marks and the question number in the paper.

Topic-wise weightage graph of Vector Analysis, Mathematics Optional Paper I, 2013–2026 vs 2022–2026
Topic-wise weightage of Vector Analysis (Paper I) – share of marks, 2013–2026 (white) vs 2022–2026 (black).

6.1] Vector differentiation

34 questions

  1. For a scalar point function ϕ and a vector point function F⃗, prove that ∇×(ϕF⃗)=(∇ϕ)×F⃗+ϕ(∇×F⃗) If r⃗=xî+yĵ+zk̂ and r=|r⃗|, then verify the above identity for ϕ=1r and F⃗=r⃗. [2026/10m/8c(i)]

  2. If r⃗=acostî+asintĵ+btk̂, then show that |r⃗′×r⃗″|2=a2(a2+b2)and[r⃗′r⃗″r⃗‴]=a2b [2026/10m/8c(ii)]

  3. If u=x+y+z, v=x2+y2+z2 and w=xy+yz+zx, then show that gradu, gradv and gradw are coplanar. [2025/10m/5e]

  4. Find the absolute value of the directional derivative of ϕ(x,y,z)=x2y2z2 at the point (1,1,−1) in the direction of the tangent to the curve x=et,y=2sint+1,z=t−cost, at t=0. [2025/10m/6c(i)]

  5. If ∇⋅E⃗=0, ∇⋅H⃗=0, ∇×E⃗=−∂H⃗∂t and ∇×H⃗=∂E⃗∂t, then show that ∇2H⃗=∂2H⃗∂t2 and ∇2E⃗=∂2E⃗∂t2. [2025/10m/6c(ii)]

  6. At any time t (in seconds), the coterminous edges of a variable parallelepiped are represented by the vectors α‾=tî+(t+1)ĵ+(2t+1)k̂β‾=2tî+(3t−1)ĵ+tk̂γ‾=î+3tĵ+k̂ What is the rate of change of the vectorial area of the parallelogram, whose coterminous edges are α‾ and γ‾? Also find the rate of change of the volume of the parallelepiped at t=1 second. [2024/10m/5c]

  7. If a⃗=sinθî+cosθĵ+θk̂b⃗=cosθî−sinθĵ−3k̂c⃗=2î+3ĵ−3k̂ then find the values of the derivative of the vector function a⃗×(b⃗×c⃗) w.r.t. θ at θ=π2 and θ=π. [2023/10m/5e]

  8. For a scalar point function ϕ and vector point function f⃗, prove the identity ∇⋅(ϕf⃗)=∇ϕ⋅f⃗+ϕ(∇⋅f⃗). Also find the value of ∇⋅(f(r)rr⃗) and then verify stated identity. [2023/15m/8c]

  9. Show that A⃗=(6xy+z3)î+(3x2−z)ĵ+(3xz2−y)k̂ is irrotational. Also find ϕ such that A⃗=∇ϕ. [2022/10m/5e]

  10. Show that ∇2[∇⋅(r⃗r)]=2r4, where r⃗=xî+yĵ+zk̂. [2021/10m/5e]

  11. For what value of a, b, c is the vector field V¯=(−4x−3y+az)î+(bx+3y+5z)ĵ+(4x+cy+3z)k̂ irrotational? Hence, express V¯ as the gradient of a scalar function ϕ. Determine ϕ. [2020/10m/5c]

  12. Find the directional derivative of the function xy2+yz2+zx2 along the tangent to the curve x=t, y=t2, z=t3 at the point (1,1,1). [2019/10m/5e]

  13. Let v⃗=v1i⃗+v2j⃗+v3k⃗. Show that curl(curlv⃗)=grad(divv⃗)−∇2v⃗. [2018/12m/8a]

  14. For what values of the constants a, b and c the vector V‾=(x+y+az)î+(bx+2y−z)ĵ+(−x+cy+2z)k̂ is irrotational. Find the divergence in cylindrical coordinates of this vector with these values. [2017/10m/5d]

  15. The position vector of a moving point at time t is r‾=sintî+cos2tĵ+(t2+2t)k̂. Find the components of acceleration a‾ in the directions parallel to the velocity vector v‾ and perpendicular to the plane of r‾ and v‾ at time t=0. [2017/10m/5e]

  16. Prove that the vectors a⃗=3î+ĵ−2k̂, b⃗=−î+3ĵ+4k̂, c⃗=4î−2ĵ−6k̂ can form the sides of a triangle. Find the lengths of the medians of the triangle. [2016/10m/5b]

  17. Find f(r) such that ∇f=r⃗r5 and f(1)=0. [2016/10m/8a]

  18. Find the angle between the surfaces x2+y2+z2−9=0 and z=x2+y2−3 at (2,−1,2). [2015/10m/5e]

  19. Find the value of λ and μ so that the surfaces λx2−μyz=(λ+2)x and 4x2y+z3=4 may intersect orthogonally at (1,−1,2). [2015/12m/6c]

  20. A vector field is given by F⃗=(x2+xy2)î+(y2+x2y)ĵ Verify that the field F⃗ is irrotational or not. Find the scalar potential. [2015/12m/7c]

  21. Calculate ∇2(rn) and find its expression in terms of r and n, r being the distance of any point (x,y,z) from the origin, n being a constant and ∇2 being the Laplace operator. [2013/10m/8a]

  22. If A⃗=x2yzi⃗−2xz3j⃗+xz2k⃗B⃗=2zi⃗+yj⃗−x2k⃗ find the value of ∂2∂x∂y(A⃗×B⃗) at (1,0,−2). [2012/12m/5e]

  23. For two vectors a⃗ and b⃗ given respectively by a⃗=5t2î+tĵ−t3k̂ and b⃗=sintî−costĵ determine : (i) ddt(a⃗⋅b⃗) and (ii) ddt(a⃗×b⃗). [2011/10m/5e]

  24. If u and v are two scalar fields and f⃗ is a vector field, such that uf⃗=gradv, find the value of f⃗⋅curlf⃗ [2011/10m/5f]

  25. Examine whether the vectors ∇u, ∇v and ∇w are coplanar, where u, v and w are the scalar functions defined by : u=x+y+z,v=x2+y2+z2andw=yz+zx+xy. [2011/15m/8a]

  26. If r⃗ be the position vector of a point, find the value(s) of n for which the vector rnr⃗ is (i) irrotational, (ii) solenoidal. [2011/15m/8c]

  27. Find the directional derivative of f(x,y)=x2y3+xy at the point (2,1) in the direction of a unit vector which makes an angle of π/3 with the x-axis. [2010/12m/5e]

  28. Show that the vector field defined by the vector function V⃗=xyz(yzi⃗+xzj⃗+xyk⃗) is conservative. [2010/12m/5f]

  29. Prove that div(fV⃗)=f(divV⃗)+(gradf)⋅V⃗ where f is a scalar function. [2010/20m/6c]

  30. Show that div(gradrn)=n(n+1)rn−2 where r=x2+y2+z2. [2009/12m/5e]

  31. Find the directional derivative of— (i) 4xz3−3x2y2z2 at (2,−1,2) along z-axis; (ii) x2yz+4xz2 at (1,−2,1) in the direction of 2î−ĵ−2k̂. [2009/12m/5f]

  32. Find the constant a and b so that the surface ax2−byz=(a+2)x will be orthogonal to the surface 4x2y+z3=4 at the point (1,−1,2). [2008/12m/5e]

  33. Show that F⃗=(2xy+z3)î+x2ĵ+3xz2k̂ is a conservative force field. Find the scalar potential for F⃗ and the work done in moving an object in this field from (1,−2,1) to (3,1,4). [2008/12m/5f]

  34. Prove that ∇2f(r)=d2fdr2+2rdfdr where r=(x2+y2+z2)1/2. Hence find f(r) such that ∇2f(r)=0. [2008/12m/8a]

Cover of UPSC Prelims Topic-wise PYQs eBook with detailed explanations

From the Optional Province team

Preparing for Prelims too?

Our UPSC Prelims Topic-wise PYQ eBook covers every Prelims question with detailed explanations, so you can see exactly where UPSC asks from.

View the BookDownload Free Sample

6.2] Curves in space

14 questions

  1. Determine T̂, N̂, B̂, κ and τ for the parabola y2=4ax, where a is a constant. Here T̂, N̂, B̂, κ and τ denote unit tangent vector, unit principal normal vector, unit binormal vector, curvature and torsion respectively. [2026/15m/6c]

  2. Let C be a plane curve r‾(t)=f(t)î+g(t)ĵ, where f and g have second-order derivatives. Show that the curvature at a point is given by κ=|f′(t)g″(t)−g′(t)f″(t)|([f′(t)]2+[g′(t)]2)3/2 What is the value of torsion τ at any point of this curve? [2024/5m/5e(i)]

  3. Show that the principal normals at two consecutive points of a curve do not intersect unless torsion τ is zero. [2024/5m/5e(ii)]

  4. If the tangent to a curve makes a constant angle θ with a fixed line, then prove that the ratio of radius of torsion to radius of curvature is proportional to tanθ. Further prove that if this ratio is constant, then the tangent makes a constant angle with a fixed direction. [2023/15m/7c]

  5. Find the radius of curvature and radius of torsion of the helix x=acosu, y=asinu, z=autanα. [2019/15m/7b]

  6. Find the angle between the tangent at a general point of the curve whose equations are x=3t, y=3t2, z=3t3 and the line y=z−x=0. [2018/10m/5b]

  7. Find the curvature and torsion of the curve r⃗=a(u−sinu)i⃗+a(1−cosu)j⃗+buk⃗ [2018/12m/7b]

  8. Find the curvature vector and its magnitude at any point r‾=(θ) of the curve r‾=(acosθ,asinθ,aθ). Show that the locus of the feet of the perpendicular from the origin to the tangent is a curve that completely lies on the hyperboloid x2+y2−z2=a2. [2017/16m/7a]

  9. Find the curvature vector at any point of the curve r‾(t)=tcostî+tsintĵ, 0≤t≤2π. Give its magnitude also. [2014/10m/5e]

  10. Show that the curve x⃗(t)=tî+(1+tt)ĵ+(1−t2t)k̂ lies in a plane. [2013/10m/5e]

  11. A curve in space is defined by the vector equation r⃗=t2î+2tĵ−t3k̂. Determine the angle between the tangents to this curve at the points t=+1 and t=−1. [2013/10m/8b]

  12. Derive the Frenet-Serret formulae. Define the curvature and torsion for a space curve. Compute them for the space curve x=t,y=t2,z=23t3 Show that the curvature and torsion are equal for this curve. [2012/20m/8a]

  13. Find κ/τ for the curve r⃗(t)=acosti⃗+asintj⃗+btk⃗ [2010/12m/5c]

  14. Show that for the space curve x=t,y=t2,z=23t3, the curvature and torsion are same at every point. [2008/15m/8b]

6.3] Integral theorems

41 questions

  1. Given F⃗=(2x+3y)î−4zĵ−5xk̂ and S is the surface 2x+4y+4z=5, bounded by x=0, x=2, y=0 and y=3. Evaluate ∬S(∇×F⃗)⋅n̂dS. [2026/10m/5e]

  2. If F⃗=4xzî−y2ĵ+yzk̂, then evaluate ∬SF⃗⋅n̂dS, where S is the surface of a unit cube with two opposite corners at (0,0,0) and (1,1,1) respectively. Hence verify the divergence theorem. [2026/15m/7b]

  3. Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for ∮C[(xy+y2)dx+x2dy], where C is the boundary of the region bounded by the curves y=x and y=x2. [2025/15m/7b]

  4. Verify Gauss’s divergence theorem for F⃗=[(x2−yz)î+(y2−zx)ĵ+(z2−xy)k̂], taken over the rectangular parallelopiped 0≤x≤a,0≤y≤b,0≤z≤c. [2025/15m/8b]

  5. State Stokes’ theorem and verify it for the vector field F⃗=xyî+yzĵ+zxk̂ over the surface S, which is the upwardly oriented part of the cylinder z=1−x2, for 0≤x≤1, −2≤y≤2. [2024/20m/7c]

  6. Using Gauss divergence theorem, evaluate the integral ∬S(y2î+xz3ĵ+(z−1)2k̂)⋅n̂dS over the region bounded by the cylinder x2+y2=16 and the planes z=1 and z=5. [2024/15m/8b]

  7. Evaluate the integral ∬S(3y2z2î+4z2x2ĵ+z2y2k̂)⋅n̂dS, where S is the upper part of the surface 4x2+4y2+4z2=1 above the plane z=0 and bounded by the xy-plane. Hence, verify Gauss-Divergence theorem. [2023/20m/6c]

  8. Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for ∮C(3x2−8y2)dx+(4y−6xy)dy, where C is the boundary curve of the region defined by x=0, y=0, x+y=1. [2022/15m/6c]

  9. Verify Stokes’ theorem for F⃗=xî+z2ĵ+y2k̂ over the plane surface : x+y+z=1 lying in the first octant. [2022/20m/7a]

  10. Using Gauss’ divergence theorem, evaluate ∬SF⃗⋅n⃗dS, where F⃗=xî−yĵ+(z2−1)k̂ and S is the cylinder formed by the surfaces z=0, z=1, x2+y2=4. [2022/15m/8c]

  11. Evaluate ∫CF⃗⋅dr⃗, where C is an arbitrary closed curve in the xy-plane and F⃗=−yî+xĵx2+y2. [2021/15m/6c]

  12. Verify Gauss divergence theorem for F⃗=2x2yî−y2ĵ+4xz2k̂ taken over the region in the first octant bounded by y2+z2=9 and x=2. [2021/20m/7a]

  13. Using Stokes’ theorem, evaluate ∬S(∇×F⃗)⋅n̂dS, where F⃗=(x2+y−4)î+3xyĵ+(2xy+z2)k̂ and S is the surface of the paraboloid z=4−(x2+y2) above the xy-plane. Here, n̂ is the unit outward normal vector on S. [2021/15m/8c]

  14. For the vector function A¯, where A¯=(3x2+6y)î−14yzĵ+20xz2k̂, calculate ∫CA¯⋅dr¯ from (0,0,0) to (1,1,1) along the following paths : (i) x=t,y=t2,z=t3 (ii) Straight lines joining (0,0,0) to (1,0,0), then to (1,1,0) and then to (1,1,1) (iii) Straight line joining (0,0,0) to (1,1,1) Is the result same in all the cases? Explain the reason. [2020/15m/6b]

  15. Verify the Stokes’ theorem for the vector field F¯=xyî+yzĵ+xzk̂ on the surface S which is the part of the cylinder z=1−x2 for 0≤x≤1, −2≤y≤2; S is oriented upwards. [2020/20m/7a]

  16. Evaluate the surface integral ∬S∇×F¯⋅n̂dS for F¯=yî+(x−2xz)ĵ−xyk̂ and S is the surface of the sphere x2+y2+z2=a2 above the xy-plane. [2020/15m/8b]

  17. Find the circulation of F⃗ round the curve C, where F⃗=(2x+y2)î+(3y−4x)ĵ and C is the curve y=x2 from (0,0) to (1,1) and the curve y2=x from (1,1) to (0,0). [2019/15m/6b]

  18. State Gauss divergence theorem. Verify this theorem for F⃗=4xî−2y2ĵ+z2k̂, taken over the region bounded by x2+y2=4, z=0 and z=3. [2019/15m/8c(i)]

  19. Evaluate by Stokes’ theorem ∮Cexdx+2ydy−dz, where C is the curve x2+y2=4, z=2. [2019/5m/8c(ii)]

  20. If S is the surface of the sphere x2+y2+z2=a2, then evaluate ∬S[(x+z)dydz+(y+z)dzdx+(x+y)dxdy] using Gauss’ divergence theorem. [2018/12m/6d]

  21. Evaluate the line integral ∫C−y3dx+x3dy+z3dz using Stokes’ theorem. Here C is the intersection of the cylinder x2+y2=1 and the plane x+y+z=1. The orientation on C corresponds to counterclockwise motion in the xy-plane. [2018/13m/8b]

  22. Let F⃗=xy2i⃗+(y+x)j⃗. Integrate (∇×F⃗)⋅k⃗ over the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves y=x2 and y=x using Green’s theorem. [2018/13m/8c]

  23. Evaluate the integral : ∬SF‾⋅n̂ds where F‾=3xy2î+(yx2−y3)ĵ+3zx2k̂ and S is a surface of the cylinder y2+z2≤4, −3≤x≤3, using divergence theorem. [2017/9m/8c(i)]

  24. Using Green’s theorem, evaluate the ∫CF(r‾)⋅dr‾ counterclockwise where F(r‾)=(x2+y2)î+(x2−y2)ĵ and dr‾=dxî+dyĵ and the curve C is the boundary of the region R={(x,y)∣1≤y≤2−x2}. [2017/8m/8c(ii)]

  25. Prove that ∮Cfdr⃗=∬SdS⃗×∇f [2016/10m/8b]

  26. Evaluate ∫Ce−x(sinydx+cosydy), where C is the rectangle with vertices (0,0), (π,0), (π,π2), (0,π2). [2015/12m/8c]

  27. Evaluate by Stokes’ theorem ∫Γ(ydx+zdy+xdz) where Γ is the curve given by x2+y2+z2−2ax−2ay=0, x+y=2a, starting from (2a,0,0) and then going below the z-plane. [2014/20m/6c]

  28. By using Divergence Theorem of Gauss, evaluate the surface integral ∬(a2x2+b2y2+c2z2)−12dS, where S is the surface of the ellipsoid ax2+by2+cz2=1, a, b and c being all positive constants. [2013/15m/8c]

  29. Use Stokes’ theorem to evaluate the line integral ∫C(−y3dx+x3dy−z3dz), where C is the intersection of the cylinder x2+y2=1 and the plane x+y+z=1. [2013/15m/8d]

  30. Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for ∮C[(xy+y2)dx+x2dy] where C is the closed curve of the region bounded by y=x and y=x2. [2012/20m/8b]

  31. If F⃗=yi⃗+(x−2xz)j⃗−xyk⃗, evaluate ∬S(∇⃗×F⃗)⋅n⃗ds⃗ where S is the surface of the sphere x2+y2+z2=a2 above the xy-plane. [2012/20m/8c]

  32. If u⃗=4yî+xĵ+2zk̂, calculate the double integral ∬(∇×u⃗)⋅ds⃗ over the hemisphere given by x2+y2+z2=a2,z≥0. [2011/15m/8b]

  33. Verify Gauss’ Divergence Theorem for the vector v⃗=x2î+y2ĵ+z2k̂ taken over the cube 0≤x,y,z≤1. [2011/15m/8d]

  34. Use the divergence theorem to evaluate ∬SV⃗⋅n⃗dA where V⃗=x2zi⃗+yj⃗−xz2k⃗ and S is the boundary of the region bounded by the paraboloid z=x2+y2 and the plane z=4y. [2010/20m/7c]

  35. Verify Green’s theorem for e−xsinydx+e−xcosydy the path of integration being the boundary of the square whose vertices are (0,0), (π/2,0), (π/2,π/2) and (0,π/2). [2010/20m/8c]

  36. Evaluate I=∬Sxdydz+dzdx+xz2dxdy where S is the outer side of the part of the sphere x2+y2+z2=1 in the first octant. [2009/20m/4b]

  37. Find the work done in moving the particle once round the ellipse x225+y216=1, z=0 under the field of force given by F⃗=(2x−y+z)î+(x+y−z2)ĵ+(3x−2y+4z)k̂ [2009/20m/8a]

  38. Using divergence theorem, evaluate ∬SA⃗⋅dS⃗ where A⃗=x3î+y3ĵ+z3k̂ and S is the surface of the sphere x2+y2+z2=a2. [2009/20m/8b]

  39. Find the value of ∬S(∇⃗×F⃗)⋅dS⃗ taken over the upper portion of the surface x2+y2−2ax+az=0 and the bounding curve lies in the plane z=0, when F⃗=(y2+z2−x2)î+(z2+x2−y2)ĵ+(x2+y2−z2)k̂ [2009/20m/8c]

  40. Evaluate ∫CA⃗⋅dr⃗ along the curve x2+y2=1, z=1 from (0,1,1) to (1,0,1) if A⃗=(yz+2x)î+xzĵ+(xy+2z)k̂ [2008/15m/8c]

  41. Evaluate ∬SF⃗⋅n̂dS where F⃗=4xî−2y2ĵ+z2k̂ and S is the surface of the cylinder bounded by x2+y2=4, z=0 and z=3. [2008/15m/8d]

Cover of UPSC Mains Topic-wise and Year-wise PYQs eBook (2013–2026)

From the Optional Province team

Strengthen your GS papers

Our UPSC Mains Topic-wise & Year-wise PYQ eBook (2013–2026) maps every GS question to the syllabus, so you know what UPSC asks and how often.

View the BookDownload Free Sample

Spotted an error? Tell us.

We classify every PYQ with care, but mistakes can slip in. If a question is in the wrong topic, has a typo, the wrong year, or is missing, let us know. We review every report and update the page.

Report an Error

« Previous: Dynamics and Statics  |  Next: Algebra »

Back to: Mathematics Optional PYQs – Topic-wise | Also see: Mathematics Optional year-wise question papers

Last updated: 30 October 2026